查看“︁Testwiki:漢語發音表記”︁的源代码

== 現代標準漢語 ==
以下為根據[[漢語拼音]]而來的發音表記。詳細請參考'''[[w:現代標準漢語#語音系統]]'''。

===声母===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto"
|- 
! colspan=2|[[w:发音方法|发音方法]]＼[[w:发音部位|发音部位]]!![[w:双唇音|双唇音]]!![[w:唇齿音|唇齿音]]!!colspan=2|[[w:齿龈音|齿龈音]]!![[w:卷舌音|卷舌音]]!![[w:龈颚音|龈颚音]]!![[w:软颚音|软颚音]]
|-
!rowspan=2|[[w:塞音|塞音]]<br>（[[w:清音|清音]]）||[[w:不送气|不送气]]
|‹b›　{{IPA1|p}}<br />'''ㄅ'''　玻|| || ||‹d›　{{IPA1|t}}<br />'''ㄉ'''　得|| || ||‹g›　{{IPA1|k}}<br />'''ㄍ'''　哥
|-
![[w:送气|送气]]
|‹p›　{{IPA1|pʰ}}<br />'''ㄆ'''　坡|| || ||‹t›　{{IPA1|tʰ}}<br />'''ㄊ'''　特|| || ||‹k›　{{IPA1|kʰ}}<br />'''ㄎ'''　科
|-
!rowspan=2|[[w:塞擦音|塞擦音]]<br>（[[w:清音|清音]]）||[[w:不送气|不送气]]
| || ||‹z›　{{IPA1|t͡s}}<br />'''ㄗ'''　资|| ||‹zh›　{{IPA1|t͡ʂ}}<br />'''ㄓ'''　知||‹j›　{{IPA1|t͡ɕ}}<br />'''ㄐ'''　基|| 
|-
![[w:送气|送气]]
| || ||‹c›　{{IPA1|t͡sʰ}}<br />'''ㄘ'''　雌|| ||‹ch›　{{IPA1|t͡ʂʰ}}<br />'''ㄔ'''　蚩||‹q›　{{IPA1|t͡ɕʰ}}<br />'''ㄑ'''　欺|| 
|-
! colspan=2|[[w:擦音|擦音]]（[[w:清音|清音]]）
| ||‹f›　{{IPA1|f}}<br />'''ㄈ'''　佛||‹s›　{{IPA1|s}}<br />'''ㄙ'''　思|| ||‹sh›　{{IPA1|ʂ}}<br />'''ㄕ'''　诗||‹x›　{{IPA1|ɕ}}<br />'''ㄒ'''　希||‹h›　{{IPA1|x}}<br />'''ㄏ'''　喝
|-
!colspan=2|[[w:鼻音|鼻音]]（[[w:浊音|浊音]]）
|‹m›　{{IPA1|m}}<br />'''ㄇ'''　摸|| || ||‹n›　{{IPA1|n}}<br />'''ㄋ'''　讷|| || || 
|-
!colspan=2|[[w:边音|边音]]（[[w:浊音|浊音]]）
| || || ||‹l›　{{IPA1|l}}<br />'''ㄌ'''　勒|| || || 
|-
!colspan=2|[[w:通音|通音]]（[[w:浊音|浊音]]）
| || || || ||‹r›　{{IPA1|ɻ}}<br />'''ㄖ'''　日|| ||
|}

===韻母===

:{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto"
|- 
!
![[w:开口呼|开口呼]]
![[w:齐齿呼|齐齿呼]]
![[w:合口呼|合口呼]]
![[w:撮口呼|撮口呼]]
|- 
!rowspan="6" |[[w:单元音韵母|单元音韵母]]
| style="border:1px solid #000;border-bottom:3px groove #000;"|‹-i›　{{IPA1|ɨ, ɿ, ʅ}}<br />'''ㄭ'''　之、资的韵母
| style="border:1px solid #000;border-bottom:3px groove #000;"|‹i›　{{IPA1|i}}<br />'''丨'''　衣
| style="border:1px solid #000;border-bottom:3px groove #000;"|‹u›　{{IPA1|u}}<br />'''ㄨ'''　乌
| style="border:1px solid #000;border-bottom:3px groove #000;"|‹ü›　{{IPA1|y}}<br />'''ㄩ'''　迂
|-
| style="border:1px solid #000;border-right:3px groove #000;"|‹a›　{{IPA1|ɑ}}<br />'''ㄚ'''　啊
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹ia›　{{IPA1|i̯a}}<br />'''丨ㄚ'''　呀
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹ua›　{{IPA1|u̯a}}<br />'''ㄨㄚ'''　蛙
| style="background:#CCCCCC;"|
|-
| style="border:1px solid #000;border-right:3px groove #000;"|‹o›　{{IPA1|o}}<br />'''ㄛ'''　喔
| style="background:#CCCCCC"|
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹uo›　{{IPA1|u̯ɔ}}<br />'''ㄨㄛ'''　窝
| style="background:#CCCCCC"|
|-
| style="border:1px solid #000;border-right:3px groove #000;"|‹e›　{{IPA1|ɤ}}<br />'''ㄜ'''　鹅
| style="background:#CCCCCC"|
| style="background:#CCCCCC"|
| style="background:#CCCCCC"|
|-
| style="border:1px solid #000;border-right:3px groove #000;"|‹ê›　{{IPA1|ɛ}}<br />'''ㄝ'''　诶
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹ie›　{{IPA1|i̯ɛ}}<br />'''丨ㄝ'''　耶
| style="background:#CCCCCC"|
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹üe›　{{IPA1|y̯œ}}<br />'''ㄩㄝ'''　约
|-
| style="border:1px solid #000;border-bottom:3px groove #000;border-right:3px groove #000;"|‹er›　{{IPA1|ɚ}}<br />'''ㄦ'''　儿
| style="background:#CCCCCC"|
| style="background:#CCCCCC"|
| style="background:#CCCCCC"|
|-
! rowspan="4" |[[w:复元音韵母|复元音韵母]]
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹ai›　{{IPA1|aɪ̯}}<br />'''ㄞ'''　哀
| style="background:#CCCCCC"|
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹uai›　{{IPA1|u̯aɪ̯}}<br />'''ㄨㄞ'''　歪
| style="background:#CCCCCC"|
|-
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹ei›　{{IPA1|eɪ̯}}<br />'''ㄟ'''　诶
| style="background:#CCCCCC"|
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹u(e)i›　{{IPA1|u̯eɪ̯}}<br />'''ㄨㄟ'''　威
| style="background:#CCCCCC"|
|-
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹ao›　{{IPA1|ɑʊ̯}}<br />'''ㄠ'''　熬
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹iao›　{{IPA1|i̯ɑʊ̯}}<br />'''丨ㄠ'''　腰
| style="background:#CCCCCC"|
| style="background:#CCCCCC"|
|-
| style="border:1px solid #000;border-bottom:3px groove #000;"|‹ou›　{{IPA1|oʊ̯}}<br />'''ㄡ'''　欧
| style="border:1px solid #000;border-bottom:3px groove #000;"|‹iou›　{{IPA1|i̯oʊ̯}}<br />'''丨ㄡ'''　优
| style="border-bottom:3px groove #000;background:#CCCCCC"|
| style="border-bottom:3px groove #000;background:#CCCCCC"|
|- 
! rowspan="6" |[[w:带鼻音韵母|带鼻音韵母]]
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹an›　{{IPA1|an}}<br />'''ㄢ'''　安
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹ian›　{{IPA1|i̯ɛn}}<br />'''丨ㄢ'''　烟
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹uan›　{{IPA1|u̯an}}<br />'''ㄨㄢ'''　弯
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹üan›　{{IPA1|y̯ɛn}}<br />'''ㄩㄢ'''　冤
|-
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹en›　{{IPA1|ən}}<br />'''ㄣ'''　恩
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹in›　{{IPA1|in}}<br />'''丨ㄣ'''　因
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹u(e)n›　{{IPA1|u̯ən}}<br />'''ㄨㄣ'''　温
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹ün›　{{IPA1|yn}}<br />'''ㄩㄣ'''　晕
|-
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹ang›　{{IPA1|ɑŋ}}<br />'''ㄤ'''　昂
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹iang›　{{IPA1|i̯ɑŋ}}<br />'''丨ㄤ'''　央
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹uang›　{{IPA1|u̯ɑŋ}}<br />'''ㄨㄤ'''　汪
| style="background:#CCCCCC"|
|-
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹eng›　{{IPA1|ɤŋ}}<br />'''ㄥ'''　亨的韵母
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹ing›　{{IPA1|iŋ, i̯əŋ}}<br />'''丨ㄥ'''　英
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹ueng/ong›　{{IPA1|u̯ŋ}}<br />'''ㄨㄥ'''　翁
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|同‹iong›
|-
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹ong›　{{IPA1|u̯əŋ, ʊŋ}}<br />'''ㄨㄥ'''　轰的韵母
| style="border:1px solid #000;"|‹iong›　{{IPA1|i̯ʊŋ, y̯ʊŋ}}<br />'''ㄩㄥ'''　庸
| style="background:#CCCCCC"|
| style="background:#CCCCCC"|
|}

== 粵語 ==
===廣州話拼音對照表===
====聲母====
{| class="wikitable"
|-----
!style="width:4em"|&nbsp;!!style="width:4em"|[[w:國際音標|IPA]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:粵語寬式國際音標|寬式IPA]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:黃錫凌羅馬拼音|黃錫凌]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:广州话拼音方案|廣州]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:教育學院拼音方案|教院]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:香港語言學學會粵語拼音方案|粵拼]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:耶魯粵語拼音|耶魯]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:劉錫祥拼音|劉錫祥]]!!style="width:4em"|[[:w:Meyer-Wempe|Meyer-Wempe]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:蘇鴻傑-越语式|越语式]]
|-----
|波||class="Unicode"|[p]||class="Unicode"|[b]||b||b||b||b||b||b||p||b
|-----
|婆||class="Unicode"|[pʰ]||class="Unicode"|[p]||p||p||p||p||p||p||p'||p
|-----
|摸||class="Unicode"|[m]||class="Unicode"|[m]||m||m||m||m||m||m||m||m
|-----
|科||class="Unicode"|[f]||class="Unicode"|[f]||f||f||f||f||f||f||f||f
|-----
|多||class="Unicode"|[t]||class="Unicode"|[d]||d||d||d||d||d||d||t||t
|-----
|拖||class="Unicode"|[tʰ]||class="Unicode"|[t]||t||t||t||t||t||t||t'||th
|-----
|挪||class="Unicode"|[n]||class="Unicode"|[n]||n||n||n||n||n||n||n||n
|-----
|羅||class="Unicode"|[l]||class="Unicode"|[l]||l||l||l||l||l||l||l||l
|-----
|哥||class="Unicode"|[k]||class="Unicode"|[g]||g||g||g||g||g||g||k||k
|-----
|卡||class="Unicode"|[kʰ]||class="Unicode"|[k]||k||k||k||k||k||k||k'||kh
|-----
|我||class="Unicode"|[ŋ]||class="Unicode"|[ŋ]||ng||ng||ng||ng||ng||ng||ng||ng
|-----
|何||class="Unicode"|[h]||class="Unicode"|[h]||h||h||h||h||h||h||h||h
|-----
|左||class="Unicode"|[t͡s]||class="Unicode"|[d͡z]||dz||z||dz||z||j||j||ts||ch
|-----
|知||class="Unicode"|[t͡ɕ]||class="Unicode"|[d͡z]||dz||j||dz||z||j||j||ch||ch
|-----
|初||class="Unicode"|[t͡sʰ]||class="Unicode"|[t͡s]||ts||c||ts||c||ch||ch||ts'||ts
|-----
|雌||class="Unicode"|[t͡ɕʰ]||class="Unicode"|[t͡s]||ts||q||ts||c||ch||ch||ch'||ts
|-----
|梳||class="Unicode"|[s]||class="Unicode"|[s]||s||s||s||s||s||s||s||s
|-----
|思||class="Unicode"|[ɕ]||class="Unicode"|[s]||s||x||s||s||s||s||sh||s
|-----
|姑||class="Unicode"|[kʷ]||class="Unicode"|[gw]||gw||gu||gw||gw||gw||gw||kw||gw
|-----
|箍||class="Unicode"|[kʷʰ]||class="Unicode"|[kw]||kw||ku||kw||kw||kw||kw||k'w||kw
|-----
|也||class="Unicode"|[j]||class="Unicode"|[j]||y||y||j||j||y||y||y/i||d
|-----
|華||class="Unicode"|[w]||class="Unicode"|[w]||w||w||w||w||w||w||w/oo||w
|}

====韻母====
{| class="wikitable"
|-----
!style="width:4em"|&nbsp;!!style="width:4em"|[[w:國際音標|IPA]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:粵語寬式國際音標|寬式IPA]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:黃錫凌羅馬拼音|黃錫凌]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:广州话拼音方案|廣州]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:教育學院拼音方案|教院]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:香港語言學學會粵語拼音方案|粵拼]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:耶魯粵語拼音|耶魯]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:劉錫祥拼音|劉錫祥]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:Meyer-Wempe|Meyer-Wempe]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:蘇鴻傑-越语式|越语式]]
|-----
|呀||class="Unicode"|[ɑː]||class="Unicode"|[a]||aa||a||aa||aa||a||a||a||a
|-----
|挨||class="Unicode"|[ɑːi]||class="Unicode"|[ai]||aai||ai||aai||aai||aai||aai||aai||ai
|-----
|拗||class="Unicode"|[ɑːu]||class="Unicode"|[au]||aau||ao||aau||aau||aau||aau||aau||ao
|-----
|(監)||class="Unicode"|[ɑːm]||class="Unicode"|[am]||aam||am||aam||aam||aam||aam||aam||am
|-----
|晏||class="Unicode"|[ɑːn]||class="Unicode"|[an]||aan||an||aan||aan||aan||aan||aan||an
|-----
|罌||class="Unicode"|[ɑːŋ]||class="Unicode"|[aŋ]||aang||ang||aang||aang||aang||aang||aang||ang
|-----
|鴨||class="Unicode"|[ɑːp]||class="Unicode"|[ap]||aap||ab||aap||aap||aap||aap||aap||ap
|-----
|押||class="Unicode"|[ɑːt]||class="Unicode"|[at]||aat||ad||aat||aat||aat||aat||aat||at
|-----
|(客)||class="Unicode"|[ɑːk]||class="Unicode"|[ak]||aak||ag||aak||aak||aak||aak||aak||ac
|-----
|矮||class="Unicode"|[ɐi]||class="Unicode"|[ɐi]||ai||ei||ai||ai||ai||ai||ai||ây
|-----
|歐||class="Unicode"|[ɐu]||class="Unicode"|[ɐu]||au|||eo||au||au||au||au||au||âu
|-----
|庵||class="Unicode"|[ɐm]||class="Unicode"|[ɐm]||am||em||am||am||am||am||am/om||âm
|-----
|(恩)||class="Unicode"|[ɐn]||class="Unicode"|[ɐn]||an||en||an||an||an||an||an||anh
|-----
|鶯||class="Unicode"|[ɐŋ]||class="Unicode"|[ɐŋ]||ang||eng||ang||ang||ang||ang||ang||ǎng
|-----
|(急)||class="Unicode"|[ɐp]||class="Unicode"|[ɐp]||ap||eb||ap||ap||ap||ap||ap/op||ǎp
|-----
|(不)||class="Unicode"|[ɐt]||class="Unicode"|[ɐt]||at||ed||at||at||at||at||at||ach
|-----
|(德)||class="Unicode"|[ɐk]||class="Unicode"|[ɐk]||ak||eg||ak||ak||ak||ak||ak||ǎc
|-----
|誒||class="Unicode"|[ɛː]||class="Unicode"|[ɛ]||e||é||e||e||e||e||e||e
|-----
|(非)||class="Unicode"|[ei]||class="Unicode"|[ei]||ei||éi||ei||ei||ei||ei||ei||i
|-----
|(掉)*||class="Unicode"|[ɛːu]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||eu||eu||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;
|-----
|(舔)*||class="Unicode"|[ɛːm]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||em||em||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;
|-----
|(鏡)||class="Unicode"|[ɛːŋ]||class="Unicode"|[ɛŋ]||eng||éng||eng||eng||eng||eng||eng||eng
|-----
|(夾)*||class="Unicode"|[ɛːp]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||ep||ep||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;
|-----
|(尺)||class="Unicode"|[ɛːk]||class="Unicode"|[ɛk]||ek||ég||ek||ek||ek||ek||ek||ec
|-----
|衣||class="Unicode"|[iː]||class="Unicode"|[i]||i||i||i||i||i||i||i||ia
|-----
|妖||class="Unicode"|[iːu]||class="Unicode"|[iu]||iu||iu||iu||iu||iu||iu||iu||iu
|-----
|淹||class="Unicode"|[iːm]||class="Unicode"|[im]||im||im||im||im||im||im||im||im
|-----
|煙||class="Unicode"|[iːn]||class="Unicode"|[in]||in||in||in||in||in||in||in||in
|-----
|英||class="Unicode"|[ɪŋ]||class="Unicode"|[iŋ]||ing||ing||ing||ing||ing||ing||ing||ing
|-----
|葉||class="Unicode"|[iːp]||class="Unicode"|[ip]||ip||ib||ip||ip||ip||ip||ip||ip
|-----
|熱||class="Unicode"|[iːt]||class="Unicode"|[it]||it||id||it||it||it||it||it||it
|-----
|益||class="Unicode"|[ɪk]||class="Unicode"|[ik]||ik||ig||ik||ik||ik||ik||ik||ic
|-----
|柯||class="Unicode"|[ɔː]||class="Unicode"|[ɔ]||o||o||o||o||o||oh||oh||o
|-----
|哀||class="Unicode"|[ɔːi]||class="Unicode"|[ɔi]||oi||oi||oi||oi||oi||oi||oi||oi
|-----
|奧||class="Unicode"|[ou]||class="Unicode"|[ou]||ou||ou||ou||ou||ou||o||o||u
|-----
|安||class="Unicode"|[ɔːn]||class="Unicode"|[ɔn]||on||on||on||on||on||on||on||on
|-----
|(康)||class="Unicode"|[ɔːŋ]||class="Unicode"|[ɔŋ]||ong||ong||ong||ong||ong||ong||ong||oong
|-----
|(渴)||class="Unicode"|[ɔːt]||class="Unicode"|[ɔt]||ot||od||ot||ot||ot||ot||ot||ot
|-----
|惡||class="Unicode"|[ɔːk]||class="Unicode"|[ɔk]||ok||og||ok||ok||ok||ok||ok||oot
|-----
|烏||class="Unicode"|[uː]||class="Unicode"|[u]||u||u||u||u||u||oo||oo||ua
|-----
|煨||class="Unicode"|[uːi]||class="Unicode"|[ui]||ui||ui||ui||ui||ui||ooi||ooi||ui
|-----
|碗||class="Unicode"|[uːn]||class="Unicode"|[un]||un||un||un||un||un||oon||oon||un
|-----
|甕||class="Unicode"|[ʊŋ]||class="Unicode"|[uŋ]||ung||ung||ung||ung||ung||ung||ung||ung
|-----
|活||class="Unicode"|[uːt]||class="Unicode"|[ut]||ut||ud||ut||ut||ut||oot||oot||ut
|-----
|屋||class="Unicode"|[ʊk]||class="Unicode"|[uk]||uk||ug||uk||uk||uk||uk||uk||uc
|-----
|靴||class="Unicode"|[œː]||class="Unicode"|[œ]||eu||ê||oe||oe||eu||euh||oeh||uêa
|-----
|(香)||class="Unicode"|[œːŋ]||class="Unicode"|[œŋ]||eung||êng||oeng||oeng||eung||eung||eung||uơng
|-----
|(約)||class="Unicode"|[œːk]||class="Unicode"|[œk]||euk||êg||oek||oek||euk||euk||euk||uơc
|-----
|(去)||class="Unicode"|[ɵy]||class="Unicode"|[œy]||eue||êu||oey||eoi||eui||ui||ui||uâi
|-----
|(春)||class="Unicode"|[ɵn]||class="Unicode"|[œn]||eun||ên||oen||eon||un||un||un||uânh
|-----
|(律)||class="Unicode"|[ɵt]||class="Unicode"|[œt]||eut||êd||oet||eot||ut||ut||ut||uâch
|-----
|於||class="Unicode"|[yː]||class="Unicode"|[y]||ue||ü||y||yu||yu||ue||ue||uya
|-----
|冤||class="Unicode"|[yːn]||class="Unicode"|[yn]||uen||ün||yn||yun||yun||uen||uen||uyn
|-----
|月||class="Unicode"|[yːt]||class="Unicode"|[yt]||uet||üd||yt||yut||yut||uet||uet||uyt
|-----
|唔||class="Unicode"|[m̩]||class="Unicode"|[m̩]||m||m||m||m||m||m||m||uhm
|-----
|五||class="Unicode"|[ŋ̩]||class="Unicode"|[ŋ̩]||ng||ng||ng||ng||ng||ng||ng||uhm
|}
*<nowiki>*:</nowiki>口語變異
*[[黃錫凌羅馬拼音]] euue 省略成 eue, [[廣州話拼音方案]] êü 省略成 êu
*在廣州話拼音方案，聲母 j, q, x 是用來拼寫 i, ü 韻之用，另外 ü 行的韻母用來拼 j, q, x 時，省略兩點

====聲調====
下表的平、上、去聲以 “a” 音為例，入聲以 “at” 音為例。
{| class="wikitable"
|-----
!&nbsp;!!style="width:4em"|[[w:國際音標|IPA]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:粵語寬式國際音標|寬式IPA]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:黃錫凌羅馬拼音|黃錫凌]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:广州话拼音方案|廣州]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:教育學院拼音方案|教院]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:香港語言學學會粵語拼音方案|粵拼]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:耶魯粵語拼音|耶魯]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:劉錫祥拼音|劉錫祥]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:Meyer-Wempe|Meyer-Wempe]]!!style="width:4em"|[[w:蘇鴻傑-越语式|越语式]]
|-----
|陰平，53||˥˧||{{Unicode|ˈa}}||{{Unicode|ˈa}}||1||1||1||{{Unicode|à}}||1||a||á
|-----
|高平，55||˥˥||{{Unicode|ˈa}}||{{Unicode|ˈa}}||1||1||1||{{Unicode|ā}}||1<sup>0</sup>||a||&nbsp;
|-----
|陰上，35||˧˥||{{Unicode|ˊa}}||{{Unicode|ˊa}}||2||2||2||{{Unicode|á}}||2||{{Unicode|á}}||ã
|-----
|陰去，33||˧˧||{{Unicode|ˉa}}||{{Unicode|ˉa}}||3||3||3||a||3||{{Unicode|à}}||a
|-----
|陽平，21或11||˨˩ 或 ˩˩||{{Unicode|ˌa}}||{{Unicode|ˌa}}||4||4||4||{{Unicode|àh}}||4||{{Unicode|ā}}||à
|-----
|陽上，13或23||˩˧ 或 ˨˧||{{Unicode|ˏa}}||{{Unicode|ˏa}}||5||5||5||{{Unicode|áh}}||5||{{Unicode|ǎ}}||ạ
|-----
|陽去，22||˨˨||{{Unicode|ˍa}}||{{Unicode|ˍa}}||6||6||6||ah||6||{{Unicode|â}}||à
|-----
|陰入，5||˥||{{Unicode|ˈat}}||{{Unicode|ˈat}}||1||7或1||1||{{Unicode|āt}}||1||at||á
|-----
|中入，3||˧||{{Unicode|ˉat}}||{{Unicode|ˉat}}||3||8或3||3||at||3||{{Unicode|àt}}||a
|-----
|陽入，2||˨||{{Unicode|ˍat}}||{{Unicode|ˍat}}||6||9或6||6||aht||6||{{Unicode|ât}}||à
|}

===台山話拼音對照表===
====聲母====
{| class="wikitable" 
! [[w:國際音標|IPA]] || 維基詞典 || Stephen Li || Gene Chin || [[w:美國國防語言學院|國防語言學院]] || 例
|-
| /t͡sʰ/ || c || ts || ch || ch’ || [[床#Chinese|床]]
|-
| /p/ || b || b || b || p || [[鼻#Chinese|鼻]]
|-
| /t/ || d || d || d || t || [[樽#Chinese|樽]]
|-
| /k/ || g || g || g || k || [[見#Chinese|見]]
|-
| /f/ || f || f || f || f || [[風#Chinese|風]]
|-
| /h/ || h || h || h || h || [[台#Chinese|台]]
|-
| /kʰ/ || k || k || k || k’ || [[佢#Chinese|佢]]
|-
| /ᵐb/ || m || m || m || m || [[乜#Chinese|乜]]
|-
| /l/ || l || l || l || l || [[老#Chinese|老]]
|-
| /ⁿd/ || n || n || n || n || [[你#Chinese|你]]
|-
| /pʰ/ || p || p || p || p’ || [[皮#Chinese|皮]]
|-
| /ᵑg/ || ng || ŋ || ng || ng || [[人#Chinese|人]]
|-
| /tʰ/ || t || t || t || t’ || [[窗#Chinese|窗]]
|-
| /v/ || v || v || v || w || [[話#Chinese|話]]
|-
| /ʒ/ || y || y || y || y || [[嘢#Chinese|嘢]]
|-
| /t͡s/ || z || dz || j || ch || [[州#Chinese|州]]
|-
| /ɬ/ || lh || ɬ || x || lh || [[三#Chinese|三]]
|-
| /s/ || s || s || s || s || [[山#Chinese|山]]
|}
====韻母====
{|  class="wikitable"
! [[w:國際音標|IPA]] || 維基詞典 || Stephen Li || Gene Chin || [[w:美國國防語言學院|國防語言學院]] || 例
|-
| /iu/ || iu || iu || iu || iu || [[優#Chinese|優]]
|-
| /ak̚/ || ak || ak || ak || aak || [[得#Chinese|得]]
|-
| /am/ || am || am || am || aam || [[三#Chinese|三]]
|-
| /iak̚/ || iak || iak || ek || iak || [[糴#Chinese|糴]]
|-
| /eu/ || eu || ǝu || eo || aau || [[斗#Chinese|斗]]
|-
| /i/ || i || i || i || i || [[皮#Chinese|皮]]
|-
| /iau/ || iau || iau || el || iau || [[釣#Chinese|釣]]
|-
| /un/ || un || un || un || oon || [[敦#Chinese|敦]]
|-
| /ᵘɔ/ || o || ɔ || o || o || [[多#Chinese|多]]
|-
| /ɔk̚/ || ok || ɔk || ok || ok || [[惡#Chinese|惡]]
|-
| /iaŋ/ || iang || iaŋ || eng || iang || [[釘#Chinese|釘]]
|-
| /ᵘɔi/ || oi || ɔi || oi || oi || [[愛#Chinese|愛]]
|-
| /iap̚/ || iap || iap || ep || iep || [[碟#Chinese|碟]]
|-
| /iɛ/ || ie || ia || eh || e || [[嗲#Chinese|嗲]]
|-
| /ɵŋ/ || uung || ǝŋ || ung || ung || [[龍#Chinese|龍]]
|-
| /au/ || au || ɔu || ao || aau || [[老#Chinese|老]]
|-
| /im/ || im || im || im || im || [[音#Chinese|音]]
|-
| /ɔŋ/ || ong || ɔŋ || ong || ong || [[當#Chinese|當]]
|-
| /em/ || em || ǝm || eim || ? || [[含#Chinese|含]]
|-
| /an/ || an || an || an || aan || [[丹#Chinese|丹]]
|-
| /ep̚/ || ep || ǝp || eip || ? || 𢱕
|-
| /et̚/ || et || ɛt || eik || ? || [[跌#Chinese|跌]]
|-
| /ip̚/ || ip || ip || ip || ip || [[邑#Chinese|邑]]
|-
| /ᵘɔt̚/ || ot || ɔt || ot || ot || [[乜#Chinese|乜]]
|-
| /aŋ/ || ang || aŋ || ang || aang || [[登#Chinese|登]]
|-
| /m̩/ || m || m || m || m || [[五#Chinese|五]]
|-
| /ɵt̚/ || uut || ut || ut || ? || [[律#Chinese|律]]
|-
| /ut̚/ || ut || ut || ut || oot || [[突#Chinese|突]]
|-
| /ɵk̚/ || uuk || ǝk || uk || uk || [[六#Chinese|六]]
|-
| /in/ || in || in || in || in || [[因#Chinese|因]]
|-
| /ei/ || ei || i || i || i || [[耳#Chinese|耳]]
|-
| /ᵘɔn/ || on || ɔn || on || on || [[安#Chinese|安]]
|-
| /ui/ || ui || ui || ui || ooi || [[對#Chinese|對]]
|-
| /at̚/ || at || at || at || aat || [[押#Chinese|押]]
|-
| /u/ || u || u || u || oo || [[都#Chinese|都]]
|-
| /iam/ || iam || iam || em || iem || [[店#Chinese|店]]
|-
| /it̚/ || it || it || it || it || [[一#Chinese|一]]
|-
| /en/ || en || ein || ein || ien || [[丁#Chinese|丁]]
|-
| /a/ || a || a || a || a || [[阿#Chinese|阿]]
|-
| /ai/ || ai || ai || ai || aai || [[大#Chinese|大]]
|-
| /ap̚/ || ap || ap || ap || aap || [[搭#Chinese|搭]]
|}
====聲調====
{| class="wikitable" 
! 調值 || 維基詞典 || Gene Chin || [[w:美國國防語言學院|國防語言學院]] || 例
|-
| 33 || 1 || ä || à || [[偷#Chinese|偷]]
|-
| 55 || 2 || ā || a || [[口#Chinese|口]]
|-
| 22 || 3 || ã || ā || [[頭#Chinese|頭]]
|-
| 21 || 4  || â || ạ̄ || [[厚#Chinese|厚]]
|-
| 32 || 5 || à || â || [[後#Chinese|後]]
|}
=====變調=====
{|  class="wikitable"
! 調值 || 維基詞典 || Gene Chin || [[w:美國國防語言學院|國防語言學院]] || 例
|-
| 335 || 1* || ä/ || à* || [[頭先#Chinese|頭'''先''']]
|-
| 225 || 3* || ã/ || ā* || [[近來#Chinese|近'''來''']]
|-
| 215 || 4* || â/ || ạ̄* || [[去街#Chinese|去'''街''']]
|-
| 325 || 5* || à/ || â* || [[台山話#Chinese|台山'''話''']]
|}

==閩南語==
===閩南語[[w:白話字|白話字]]===
====聲母====
{|class="wikitable"
! rowspan=3 | &nbsp;
! colspan=3 align=center | [[塞音]]及[[塞擦音]]
! rowspan=3 align=center | [[鼻音]]
! rowspan=3 align=center | [[擦音]]
! rowspan=3 align=center | [[邊音]]
|-
! colspan=2 align=center | [[清濁音|清音]]
! rowspan=2 align=center | [[清濁音|濁音]]
|-
! align=center | [[不送氣]]
! align=center | [[送氣]]
|-
! [[唇音]]
| align=center | <span style="font-size:larger;">p</span><br/> {{IPA1|[[清雙唇塞音|p]]}} 邊
| align=center | <span style="font-size:larger;">ph</span><br/> {{IPA1|[[清雙唇塞音|pʰ]]}} 頗
| align=center | <span style="font-size:larger;">b</span><br/> {{IPA1|[[濁雙唇塞音|b]]}} 文
| align=center | <span style="font-size:larger;">m</span><br/> {{IPA1|[[雙唇鼻音|m]]}} 毛
|
|
|-
! [[韵图#.E8.88.8C.E9.9F.B3|舌音]]
| align=center | <span style="font-size:larger;">t</span><br/> {{IPA1|[[清齒齦塞音|t]]}} 地
| align=center | <span style="font-size:larger;">th</span><br/> {{IPA1|[[清齒齦塞音|tʰ]]}} 他
|
| align=center | <span style="font-size:larger;">n</span><br/> {{IPA1|[[齒齦鼻音|n]]}} 耐
|
| align=center | <span style="font-size:larger;">l</span><br/> {{IPA1|[[齒齦邊音|l]]}} 柳
|-
! [[齒音]]
| align=center | <span style="font-size:larger;">ch</span><br/> {{IPA1|[[清齒齦塞擦音|t͡s]]}} 曾
| align=center | <span style="font-size:larger;">chh</span><br/> {{IPA1|[[清齒齦塞擦音|t͡sʰ]]}} 出
| align=center | <span style="font-size:larger;">j</span><br/> {{IPA1|[[濁齒齦塞擦音|d͡z]]}} 入
|
| align=center | <span style="font-size:larger;">s</span><br/> {{IPA1|[[清齒齦擦音|s]]}} 時
|
|-
! [[牙音]]
| align=center | <span style="font-size:larger;">k</span><br/> {{IPA1|[[清軟顎塞音|k]]}} 求
| align=center | <span style="font-size:larger;">kh</span><br/> {{IPA1|[[清軟顎塞音|kʰ]]}} 去
| align=center | <span style="font-size:larger;">g</span><br/> {{IPA1|[[濁軟顎塞音|g]]}} 語
| align=center | <span style="font-size:larger;">ng</span><br/> {{IPA1|[[軟顎鼻音|ŋ]]}} 雅
|
|
|-
! [[喉音]]
| 
|
|
|
| align=center | <span style="font-size:larger;">h</span><br/> {{IPA1|[[清喉擦音|h]]}} 喜
|
|-
|}

#「唇舌齒牙喉」依傳統[[五音 (音韻)|五音]]，與現代語言學的發音部位分法不儘相同。
#漢字為傳統[[彙集雅俗通十五音|十五音]]，但「毛、耐、雅」十五音裡沒有；另十五音有零聲母「英」，白話字不標。

====元音====

{|class="wikitable"
! &nbsp;
! align=center | [[前元音]]
! align=center | [[央元音]]
! align=center | [[後元音]]
|-
! [[閉元音|高元音]]
| <span style="font-size:larger;">i</span> {{IPA1|i}}
|
| <span style="font-size:larger;">u</span> {{IPA1|u}}
|-
! [[中元音]]
| <span style="font-size:larger;">e</span> {{IPA1|e}}
| <span style="font-size:larger;">o</span> {{IPA1|ə}}
| <span style="font-size:larger;">o·</span> {{IPA1|ɔ}}
|-
! [[開元音|低元音]]
| <span style="font-size:larger;">a</span> {{IPA1|a}}
|
|
|}

#有些[[腔調]]的o是發成[[半閉元音|半閉]]後圓唇元音 {{IPA1|o}}、半閉後不圓唇元音{{IPA1|ɤ}}。

====聲調====
''（以a為標注範例）''
{| class="wikitable"
!width="12.5%" |1
!width="12.5%" |2
!width="12.5%" |3
!width="12.5%" |4
!width="12.5%" |5
!width="12.5%" |6
!width="12.5%" |7
!width="12.5%" |8
|- 
|陰平
|陰上
|陰去
|陰入
|陽平
|陽上
|陽去
|陽入
|-
|a
|á
|à
|a+入聲韻尾
|â
|ā
|ā
|{{unicode|a̍}}+入聲韻尾
|}
=====備注=====
* 七聲調區，第6聲（陽上）併入第7聲（陽去），是為聲韻學上「濁上變去」。
* 第4、8聲為入聲。
* 入聲韻尾：有 -p、-t、-k、-h 四種。 喉塞音韻尾 -h 僅會出現於[[文白異讀|白讀]]。

===閩南語[[w:臺羅音標|台羅音標]]===

==客家話==
===客家話拼音方案===
====字母====
拼音採用[[拉丁字母]]，其中r、w不用來拼寫梅縣客家話。ê 是字母 e 的變體，用以代表 {{IPA1|ɛ}}。

====聲母====
聲母總數為19個。不以輔音為首的音節，稱為零聲母。列表如下：

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
| b {{IPA1|p}} 波 || p {{IPA1|pʻ}} 婆 || m {{IPA1|m}} 摸 || f {{IPA1|f}} 火 || v {{IPA1|v}} 窩
|-
| d {{IPA1|t}} 多 || t {{IPA1|tʻ}} 拖 || n {{IPA1|n}} 挪 || l {{IPA1|l}} 羅 || &nbsp;
|-
| g {{IPA1|k}} 哥 || k {{IPA1|kʻ}} 科 || ng {{IPA1|ŋ}} 我 || h {{IPA1|h}} 河 || &nbsp;
|-
| j {{IPA1|t͡si-}} 擠 || q {{IPA1|ʦʻi-}} 妻 || x {{IPA1|si-}} 西 || &nbsp; || &nbsp;
|-
| z {{IPA1|t͡s}} 資 || c {{IPA1|ʦʻ}} 雌 || s {{IPA1|s}} 思 || &nbsp; || &nbsp;
|}

資 zi<sup>1</sup>、雌 ci<sup>1</sup>、思 si<sup>1</sup> 等字的韻母用 i {{IPA1|ɪ}}。

====韻母====
韻母總數為74個。列表如下：

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
| i {{IPA1|ɪ}} 資 || i {{IPA1|i}} 衣 || u {{IPA1|u}} 姑
|-
| a {{IPA1|a}} 阿 || ia {{IPA1|ia}} 也 || ua {{IPA1|ua}} 掛
|-
| o {{IPA1|ɔ}} 哦 || io {{IPA1|iɔ}} 喲 || uo {{IPA1|uɔ}} 過
|-
| ê {{IPA1|ɛ}} 這 || iê {{IPA1|iɛ}} (撒) || uê {{IPA1|uɛ}} 穢
|-
| ai {{IPA1|ai}} 挨 || iai {{IPA1|iai}} 椰 || uai {{IPA1|uai}} 怪
|-
| oi {{IPA1|ɔi}} 哀 || &nbsp; || &nbsp;
|-
| au {{IPA1|au}} 凹 || iau {{IPA1|iau}} 腰 || &nbsp;
|-
| êu {{IPA1|ɛu}} 歐 || &nbsp; || &nbsp;
|-
| &nbsp; || iu {{IPA1|iu}} 有 || &nbsp;
|-
| &nbsp; || iui {{IPA1|iui}} 銳 || ui {{IPA1|ui}} 貴
|-
| am {{IPA1|am}} 庵 || iam {{IPA1|iam}} 淹 || &nbsp;
|-
| êm {{IPA1|ɛm}} 砧 || &nbsp; || &nbsp;
|-
| em {{IPA1|əm}} 針 || im {{IPA1|im}} 陰
|-
| an {{IPA1|an}} 班 || ian {{IPA1|ian}} 煙 || uan {{IPA1|uan}} 關
|-
| on {{IPA1|ɔn}} 安 || ion {{IPA1|iɔn}} 阮 || uon {{IPA1|uɔn}} 管
|-
| ên {{IPA1|ɛn}} 恩 || iên {{IPA1|iɛn}} 邊 || uên {{IPA1|uɛn}} 耿
|-
| en {{IPA1|ən}} 真 || in {{IPA1|in}} 因
|-
| &nbsp; || iun {{IPA1|iun}} 允 || un {{IPA1|un}} 敦
|-
| ang {{IPA1|aŋ}} 冷 || iang {{IPA1|iaŋ}} 影 || uang {{IPA1|uaŋ}} 礦
|-
| ong {{IPA1|ɔŋ}} 江 || iong {{IPA1|iɔŋ}} 央 || uong {{IPA1|uɔŋ}} 光
|-
| &nbsp; || iung {{IPA1|iuŋ}} 雍 || ung {{IPA1|uŋ}} 工
|-
| ab {{IPA1|ap}} 鴨 || iab {{IPA1|iap}} 葉 || &nbsp;
|-
| êb {{IPA1|ɛp}} 粒 || &nbsp; || &nbsp;
|-
| eb {{IPA1|əp}} 汁 || ib {{IPA1|ip}} 邑 || &nbsp;
|-
| ad {{IPA1|at}} 八 || iad {{IPA1|iat}} 乙 || uad {{IPA1|uat}} 刮
|-
| od {{IPA1|ɔt}} 遏 || &nbsp; || &nbsp;
|-
| êd {{IPA1|ɛt}} 北 || iêd {{IPA1|iɛt}} 鱉 || uêd {{IPA1|uɛt}} 國
|-
| ed {{IPA1|ət}} 質 || id {{IPA1|it}} 一 || &nbsp;
|-
| &nbsp; || iud {{IPA1|iut}} -{郁}- || ud {{IPA1|ut}} 骨
|-
| ag {{IPA1|ak}} 扼 || iag {{IPA1|iak}} 錫 || uag {{IPA1|uak}} □
|-
| og {{IPA1|ɔk}} 惡 || iog {{IPA1|iɔk}} 約 || uog {{IPA1|uɔk}} 郭
|-
| &nbsp; || iug {{IPA1|iuk}} 育 || ug {{IPA1|uk}} 督
|-
|m {{IPA1|m}} 唔 || n {{IPA1|n}} 五 || &nbsp;
|}

i 行的韻母，前面沒有聲母的時候，寫成 yi、ya、yo、yê、yai、yau、yu、yui、yam、yim、yan、yin、yun、yang、yong、yung、yab、yib、yad、yid、yud、yag、yog、yug。

====聲調====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
| 調類 || 陰平 || 陽平 || 上聲 || 去聲 || 陰入 || 陽入
|-
| 調號 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6
|-
| 調值 || 44 || 11 || 31 || 52 || 11 || 55
|-
| &nbsp; || fu<sup>1</sup> || fu<sup>2</sup> || fu<sup>3</sup> || fu<sup>4</sup> || fug<sup>5</sup> || fug<sup>6</sup>
|-
| 例字 || 夫 || 扶 || 府 || 富 || 福 || 服
|}

===外部鏈接===
*[http://hakka.fhl.net/dict/index_hakka.html 客語字典查尋]

==晉語==

===聲母===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! [[w:國際音標|IPA]] !! 維基詞典 !! 例 !! 註
|-
| {{IPAchar|/p/}} || b || 巴 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/pʰx/}} || p || 爬 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/m/}} || m || 麻 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/f/}} || f || 夫 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/v/}} || v || 挖 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/t/}} || d || 打 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/tʰx/}} || t || 他 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/n/}} || n || 拿 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/l/}} || l || 拉 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/t͡s/}} || z || 渣 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/t͡sʰ/}} || c || 查 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/s/}} || s || 沙 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ʐ/}} || r || 如 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/t͡ɕ/}} || j || 家 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/t͡ɕʰ/}} || q || 拤 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ɕ/}} || x || 蝦 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/k/}} || g || 嘎 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/kʰx/}} || k || 卡 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/x/}} || h || 哈 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ɣ/}} || gh || 我 || 舊式; = 新式 {{IPAchar|/ŋ/}}
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ŋ/}} || ng || 我 || 新式; = 舊式 {{IPAchar|/ɣ/}}
|}

===韻母===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! [[w:國際音標|IPA]] !! 維基詞典 !! 例 !! 註
|-
| {{IPAchar|/z̩/}} || i || 知 || 只在 {{IPAchar|/t͡s/|/t͡sʰ/|/s/}}前
|-
| {{IPAchar|/i/}} || i || 衣 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/u/}} || u || 胡 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/y/}} || y || 魚 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/əɻ/}} || er || 兒 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/a/}} || a || 哈 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ia/}} || ia || 牙 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ua/}} || ua || 花 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ɤ/}} || e || 鵝 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uɤ/}} || ue || 和 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ie/}} || ie || 煙 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ye/}} || ye || 冤 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ai/}} || ai || 哀 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uai/}} || uai || 懷 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ei/}} || ei || 給 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uei/}} || ui || 灰 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/au/}} || au || 熬 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/iau/}} || iau || 妖 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/əu/}} || eu || 歐 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/iəu/}} || ieu || 優 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/æ̃/}} || an || 安 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uæ̃/}} || uan || 歡 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ɒ̃/}} || on || 昂 || 舊式; = 新式 {{IPAchar|/aŋ/}}
|-
| {{IPAchar|/iɒ̃/}} || ion || 央 || 舊式; = 新式 {{IPAchar|/iaŋ/}}
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uɒ̃/}} || uon || 黃 || 舊式; = 新式 {{IPAchar|/uaŋ/}}
|-
| {{IPAchar|/aŋ/}} || ang || 昂 || 新式; = 舊式 {{IPAchar|/ɒ̃/}}
|-
| {{IPAchar|/iaŋ/}} || iang || 央 || 新式; = 舊式 {{IPAchar|/iɒ̃/}}
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uaŋ/}} || uang || 黃 || 新式; = 舊式 {{IPAchar|/uɒ̃/}}
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ə̃ŋ/}} || eng || 恩 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ĩŋ/}} || ing || 英 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ũŋ/}} || ung || 轟 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ỹŋ/}} || yng || 雲 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/aʔ/}} || ah || 喝 || 在新式中多併入 {{IPAchar|/əʔ/}}
|-
| {{IPAchar|/iaʔ/}} || iah || 鴨 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uaʔ/}} || uah || 滑 || 在新式中多併入 {{IPAchar|/uəʔ/}}
|-
| {{IPAchar|/əʔ/}} || eh || 黑 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/iəʔ/}} || ieh || 一 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uəʔ/}} || ueh || 忽 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/yəʔ/}} || yeh || 月 ||
|-
|}

===兒化===
在原有韻尾後加上“r”來表示兒化。對於韻尾-e (/ɤ/)，要在“r”前加上一個撇，即-e'r (/ɤɻ/)，以區別於-er (/əɻ/)。

===聲調===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! 聲調名 !! 聲調值 !! 維基詞典 !! 例 !! 註
|-
| 平聲 || 11 || 1 || 翻 ||
|-
| 上聲 || 53 || 2 || 反 ||
|-
| 去聲 || 45 || 3 || 飯 ||
|-
| 陰入 || 2 || 4 || 法 ||
|-
| 陽入 || 54 || 5 || 罰 || 在新式中併入陰入
|-
| 輕聲 || || || ||
|}

==湘語==

===聲母===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! IPA !! 維基詞典 !! 例 !! 註
|-
| {{IPAchar|/p/}} || b || 巴 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/pʰ/}} || p || 趴 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/m/}} || m || 媽 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ɸ/}} || f || 花 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/t/}} || d || 打 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/tʰ/}} || t || 他 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/l̃/}} || l || 拿 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/t͡s/}} || z || 渣 || 在新式中當在{{IPAchar|/i/}}前時改用{{IPAchar|/t͡ɕ/}}
|-
| {{IPAchar|/t͡sʰ/}} || c || 叉 || 在新式中當在{{IPAchar|/i/}}前時改用{{IPAchar|/t͡ɕʰ/}}
|-
| {{IPAchar|/s/}} || s || 沙 || 在新式中當在{{IPAchar|/i/}}前時改用{{IPAchar|/ɕ/}}
|-
| {{IPAchar|/t͡ʂ/}} || zh || 遮 || 在新式中併入{{IPAchar|/t͡s/}}
|-
| {{IPAchar|/t͡ʂʰ/}} || ch || 畬 || 在新式中併入{{IPAchar|/t͡sʰ/}}
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ʂ/}} || sh || 賒 || 在新式中併入{{IPAchar|/s/}}
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ʐ/}} || r || 惹 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/t͡ɕ/}} || j || 佳 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/t͡ɕʰ/}} || q || 喫 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/n̠ʲ/}} || ny || 黏 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ɕ/}} || x || 蝦 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/k/}} || g || 家 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/kʰ/}} || k || 抲 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ŋ/}} || ng || 椏 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/x/}} || h || 蝦 ||
|}

===韻母===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! IPA !! 維基詞典 !! 例 !! 註
|-
| {{IPAchar|/z̩/}} || r || 資 || 只在{{IPAchar|/t͡s/|/t͡sʰ/|/s/}}後
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ʐ̩/}} || r || 知 || 只在{{IPAchar|/t͡ʂ/|/t͡ʂʰ/|/ʂ/|/ʐ/}}後
|-
| {{IPAchar|/i/}} || i || 衣 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/u/}} || u || 烏 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/y/}} || y || 淤 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/a̠/}} || a || 阿 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ia̠/}} || ia || 鴉 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ua̠/}} || ua || 蛙 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ya̠/}} || ya || 噦 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/o/}} || o || 窩 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/io/}} || io || 喲 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ɤ̞/}} || e || 兒 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ie̞/}} || ie || 椰 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uɤ̞/}} || ue || 國 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ye̞/}} || ye || 抈 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ai/}} || ai || 哀 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uai/}} || uai || 歪 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/yai/}} || yai || 衰 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/e̞i/}} || ei || 欸 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ue̞i/}} || uei || 威 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ye̞i/}} || yei || 銳 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ɒu/}} || au || 熬 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/iɒu/}} || iau || 腰 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/əu/}} || ou || 猴 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/iəu/}} || iou || 優 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/õ/}} || onn || 完 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ə̃/}} || enn || 占 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/iẽ/}} || ienn || 煙 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/yẽ/}} || yenn || 冤 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ən/}} || en || 恩 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/in/}} || in || 因 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uən/}} || un || 溫 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/yn/}} || yn || 暈 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/an/}} || an || 安 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/iæn/}} || ian || 秧 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uan/}} || uan || 彎 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/yæn/}} || yan || 霜 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ʊŋ/}} || ong || 翁 || 在新式中併入{{IPAchar|/ən/}}
|-
| {{IPAchar|/iʊŋ/}} || iong || 雍 || 在新式中併入{{IPAchar|/in/}}
|-
| {{IPAchar|/m̩/}} || m || 姆 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/n̩/}} || n || 你 ||
|}

===聲調===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! 聲調名 !! 聲調值 !! 維基詞典 !! 例
|-
| 陰平 || 33 || 1 || 詩
|-
| 陽平 || 13 || 2 || 時
|-
| 上聲 || 41 || 3 || 使
|-
| 陰去 || 45 || 4 || 世
|-
| 陽去 || 21 || 5 || 是
|-
| 入聲 || 24 || 6 || 食
|-
| 輕聲 || || ''（無符號）'' || 猴'''子'''
|}

====變調====
* <math>\text{陽 平 }[13] + \text{陰 去 }[45] \to [\text{接 近 24，但 仍 與 入 聲 有 區 別 }] + \text{陰 去 }[45]</math>
* (快速說話時) <math>\begin{Bmatrix}
\text{陰 平 }[33]\\
\text{陽 平 }[13]\\
\text{入 聲 }[24]
\end{Bmatrix} + \text{入 聲 }[24] \to
\begin{Bmatrix}
\text{陰 平 }[33]\\
\text{陽 平 }[13]\\
\text{入 聲 }[24]
\end{Bmatrix} + [44]</math>

==贛語==

===聲母===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! IPA !! 維基詞典 !! 例 !! 註
|-
| {{IPAchar|/p/|lang=gan}} || b || 巴 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/pʰ/|lang=gan}} || p || 爬 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/m/|lang=gan}} || m || 馬 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/f/|lang=gan}} || f || 花 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/t/|lang=gan}} || d || 打 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/tʰ/|lang=gan}} || t || 他 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/l/|lang=gan}} || l || 拉 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/t͡s/|lang=gan}} || z || 遮 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/t͡sʰ/|lang=gan}} || c || 車 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/s/|lang=gan}} || s || 沙 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/t͡ɕ/|lang=gan}} || j || 姐 || 只在高位前元音前
|-
| {{IPAchar|/t͡ɕʰ/|lang=gan}} || q || 且 || 只在高位前元音前
|-
| {{IPAchar|/n̠ʲ/}} || ny || 膩 || 只在高位前元音前
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ɕ/|lang=gan}} || x || 寫 || 只在高位前元音前
|-
| {{IPAchar|/k/|lang=gan}} || g || 家 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/kʰ/|lang=gan}} || k || 抲 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ŋ/|lang=gan}} || ng || 丫 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/h/|lang=gan}} || h || 蝦 ||
|}

===韻母===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! IPA !! 維基詞典 !! 例 !! 註
|-
| {{IPAchar|/z̩/|lang=gan}} || i || 資 || 只在{{IPAchar|/t͡s/|/t͡sʰ/|/s/|lang=gan}}後
|-
| {{IPAchar|/i/|lang=gan}} || i || 衣 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/u/|lang=gan}} || u || 烏 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/y/|lang=gan}} || y || 迂 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/a/|lang=gan}} || a || 丫 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ia/|lang=gan}} || ia || 爺 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ua/|lang=gan}} || ua || 娃 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/o/|lang=gan}} || o || 我 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uo/|lang=gan}} || uo || 窩 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/e/|lang=gan}} || e || 許 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ie/|lang=gan}} || ie || 渠 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ue/|lang=gan}} || ue || - ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ye/|lang=gan}} || ye || 靴 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ɵ/|lang=gan}} || eo || 而 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/m̩/|lang=gan}} || m || 姆 || 零聲母
|-
| {{IPAchar|/n̩/|lang=gan}} || n || 你 || 零聲母
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ŋ̍/|lang=gan}} || ng || 五 || 零聲母
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ai/|lang=gan}} || ai || 愛 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uai/|lang=gan}} || uai || 歪 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/oi/|lang=gan}} || oi || - || 只用作感歎詞
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ei/|lang=gan}} || ei || - || 只用於縮約形式
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ɨi/|lang=gan}} || i || 灰 || 只在{{IPAchar|/f/|lang=gan}}後
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ui/|lang=gan}} || ui || 委 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/au/|lang=gan}} || au || 咬 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ɛu/|lang=gan}} || eu || 猴 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/iɛu/|lang=gan}} || ieu || 腰 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ɨu/|lang=gan}} || iu || 洲 || 只在{{IPAchar|/t͡s/|/t͡sʰ/|/s/|lang=gan}}後
|-
| {{IPAchar|/iu/|lang=gan}} || iu || 優 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/an/|lang=gan}} || an || 淹 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uan/|lang=gan}} || uan || 彎 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ɵn/|lang=gan}} || on || 安 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uɵn/|lang=gan}} || uon || 完 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/yɵn/|lang=gan}} || yon || 冤 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ɛn/|lang=gan}} || en || 恆 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/iɛn/|lang=gan}} || ien || 煙 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ɨn/|lang=gan}} || iin || 本 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/in/|lang=gan}} || in || 陰 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/un/|lang=gan}} || un || 文 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/yn/|lang=gan}} || yn || 雲 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/aŋ/|lang=gan}} || ang || 坑 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/iaŋ/|lang=gan}} || iang || 影 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uaŋ/|lang=gan}} || uang || 橫 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ɔŋ/|lang=gan}} || ong || 巷 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/iɔŋ/|lang=gan}} || iong || 羊 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uɔŋ/|lang=gan}} || uong || 王 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uŋ/|lang=gan}} || ung || 翁 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/iuŋ/|lang=gan}} || iung || 擁 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/at̚/|lang=gan}} || at || 鴨 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uat̚/|lang=gan}} || uat || 挖 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ɵt̚/|lang=gan}} || ot || 喝 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uɵt̚/|lang=gan}} || uot || 活 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/yɵt̚/|lang=gan}} || yot || 越 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ɛt̚/|lang=gan}} || et || 黑 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/iɛt̚/|lang=gan}} || iet || 頁 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uɛt̚/|lang=gan}} || uet || 國 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ɨt̚/|lang=gan}} || iit || 不 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/it̚/|lang=gan}} || it || 一 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ut̚/|lang=gan}} || ut || 骨 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/yt̚/|lang=gan}} || yt || 屈 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/aʔ/|lang=gan}} || ah || 客 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/iaʔ/|lang=gan}} || iah || 額 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uaʔ/|lang=gan}} || uah || - ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/ɔʔ/|lang=gan}} || oh || 惡 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/iɔʔ/|lang=gan}} || ioh || 藥 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uɔʔ/|lang=gan}} || uoh || 郭 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/uʔ/|lang=gan}} || uh || 屋 ||
|-
| {{IPAchar|/iuʔ/|lang=gan}} || iuh || 肉 ||
|}

===聲調===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! 聲調名 !! 聲調值 !! 維基詞典 !! 例 !! 註
|-
| 陰平 || 42 || 1 || 翻 ||
|-
| 陽平(A) || 24 || 2 || 襻 || 只與送氣聲母搭配
|-
| 上聲 || 213 || 3 || 反 ||
|-
| 陽平(B) || 35 || 4 || 凡 || 只與不送氣聲母搭配
|-
| 去聲 || 11 || 5 || 飯 ||
|-
| 陰入 || 5 || 6 || 法 ||
|-
| 陽入 || 2 || 7 || 罰 ||
|-
| 輕聲 || || ''（無符號）'' || 朋'''友''' ||
|}

====變調====
* <math>\text{上 聲 }[213] +
\begin{Bmatrix}
\text{陰 平 }[42]\\
\text{陽 平 (A) }[24]\\
\text{陽 平 (B) }[35]\\
\text{陰 入 }[5]
\end{Bmatrix} \to [13] +
\begin{Bmatrix}
\text{陰 平 }[42]\\
\text{陽 平 (A) }[24]\\
\text{陽 平 (B) }[35]\\
\text{陰 入 }[5]
\end{Bmatrix}</math>
* <math>\text{上 聲 }[213] +
\begin{Bmatrix}
\text{上 聲 }[213]\\
\text{去 聲 }[11]\\
\text{陽 入 }[2]
\end{Bmatrix} \to [24] +
\begin{Bmatrix}
\text{上 聲 }[213]\\
\text{去 聲 }[11]\\
\text{陽 入 }[2]
\end{Bmatrix}</math>
* <math>\text{上 聲 }[213] + \text{輕 聲 } \to [21] + \text{輕 聲 }</math>

===重音===
在音節前加一個撇號(')來表示重音。
: {{l|zh|今日}} 'jin<sup>1</sup> nyit<sup>6</sup>
: {{l|zh|水果}} sui<sup>3</sup> 'guo<sup>3</sup>

==吳語==
<!--[[:en:Wiktionary:About_Chinese/Wu]]-->
===聲母與韻母===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! 維基詞典<br/>羅馬化 !! 清濁 !! [[w:錢乃榮|錢乃榮]]<br/>羅馬化 !! [http://wu-chinese.com/minidict/ 吴音小字典] !! IPA !! 例字
|-
| p || 清 || b || p || {{IPAchar|/p/}} || {{l|zh|[[布]][[幫]][[北]]}}
|-
| ph || 清 || p || ph || {{IPAchar|/pʰ/}} || {{l|zh|[[怕]][[胖]][[劈]]}}
|-
| b || 濁 || bh || b || {{IPAchar|/b̻/}} || {{l|zh|[[步]][[盆]][[拔]]}}
|-
| m || 濁 || m || m || {{IPAchar|/m/}} || {{l|zh|[[马]][[梅]][[門]]}}
|-
| 'm || 清 ||  || 'm || {{IPAchar|/ʔm/}} || {{l|zh|[[媽]][[闷]][[瞇]]}}
|-
| f || 清 || f || f || {{IPAchar|/f/}} || {{l|zh|[[飛]][[粉]][[福]]}}
|-
| v || 濁 || fh || v || {{IPAchar|/v̻/}} || {{l|zh|[[扶]][[奉]][[服]]}}
|-
|  || 清 ||  || vh || {{IPAchar|/v̥/}} || {{l|zh|[[朆]]}}
|-
| t || 清 || d || t || {{IPAchar|/t/}} || {{l|zh|[[膽]][[懂]][[德]]}}
|-
| th || 清 || t || th || {{IPAchar|/tʰ/}} || {{l|zh|[[透]][[聽]][[鐵]]}}
|-
| d || 濁 || dh || d || {{IPAchar|/d̻/}} || {{l|zh|[[地]][[動]][[奪]]}}
|-
| n || 濁 || n || n || {{IPAchar|/n/}} || {{l|zh|[[囡]][[內]][[男]]}}
|-
| 'n || 清 ||  || 'n || {{IPAchar|/ʔn/}} || {{l|zh|[[孬]]}}{{l|zh|[[你]]}}<sub>(文)</sub>{{l|zh|[[哪]]}}<sub>(文)</sub>
|-
| l || 濁 || l || l || {{IPAchar|/l/}} || {{l|zh|[[賴]][[領]][[立]]}}
|-
| 'l || 清 ||  || 'l || {{IPAchar|/ʔl/}} || {{l|zh|[[拉]][[拎]][[撈]]}}
|-
| ts || 清 || z || ts || {{IPAchar|/t͡s/}} || {{l|zh|[[煮]][[增]][[摘]]}}
|-
| tsh || 清 || c || tsh || {{IPAchar|/t͡sʰ/}} || {{l|zh|[[處]][[倉]][[出]]}}
|-
| dz || 清 ||  || dz || {{IPAchar|/d͡z/}} || {{l|zh|[[橱]][[从]][[择]]}}
|-
| s || 清 || s || s || {{IPAchar|/s/}} || {{l|zh|[[書]][[鬆]][[色]]}}
|-
| z || 濁 || sh || z || {{IPAchar|/z̻/}} || {{l|zh|[[樹]][[上]][[石]]}}
|-
| j || 清 || j || c(i)<br>ts(i) || {{IPAchar|/t͡ɕ/}} || {{l|zh|[[舉]][[精]][[腳]]}}
|-
| q || 清 || q || ch(i)<br>tsh(i) || {{IPAchar|/t͡ɕʰ/}} || {{l|zh|[[丘]][[輕]][[切]]}}
|-
| jj || 濁 || jh || j(i) || {{IPAchar|/d̥͡ʑ/}} || {{l|zh|[[旗]][[群]][[劇]]}}
|-
| ny || 濁 || ny || ny || {{IPAchar|/n̠ʲ/}} || {{l|zh|[[黏]][[扭]][[泥]]}}
|-
| 'ny || 清 ||  || 'ny || {{IPAchar|/ʔn̠ʲ/}} || {{l|zh|[[粘]][[研]]}}
|-
| x || 清 || x || s(i)<br>sh(i) || {{IPAchar|/ɕ/}} || {{l|zh|[[修]][[勛]][[血]]}}
|-
| xx || 濁 || xh || z(i)<br>zh(i) || {{IPAchar|/ʑ̻/}} || {{l|zh|[[徐]][[寻]][[夕]]}}
|-
| k || 清 || g || k || {{IPAchar|/k/}} || {{l|zh|[[乾]][[公]][[夾]]}}
|-
| kh || 清 || k || kh || {{IPAchar|/kʰ/}} || {{l|zh|[[開]][[墾]][[擴]]}}
|-
| g || 濁 || gh || g || {{IPAchar|/ɡ̊/}} || {{l|zh|[[葵]][[共]][[軋]]}}
|-
| ng || 濁 || ng || ng || {{IPAchar|/ŋ/}} || {{l|zh|[[我]][[外]][[鵝]]}}
|-
| 'ng || 清 ||  || 'ng || {{IPAchar|/ʔŋ/}} || {{l|zh|[[嗯]]}}
|-
| h || 清 || h || h || {{IPAchar|/h/}} || {{l|zh|[[花]][[荒]][[忽]]}}
|- 
| || 清 || hh || - || {{IPAchar|/ʔ/}} || {{l|zh|[[衣]][[烏]][[鴨]]}}
|-
| hh || 濁 || wh || gh<br>y/w<ref group=note>Don't forget to change the final to i-, u-, y-.</ref> || {{IPAchar|/ɦ/}} || {{l|zh|[[鞋]][[移]][[雨]]}}
|}

<references group=note />

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! 維基詞典<br/>羅馬化 !! [[w:錢乃榮|錢乃榮]]<br/>羅馬化 !! [http://wu-chinese.com/minidict/ 吴音小字典] !! IPA !! 例字
|-
| a || a || a || {{IPAchar|/a̠/}} || {{l|zh|[[太]][[柴]][[鞋]]}}
|-
| o || o || o || {{IPAchar|/o̝/}} || {{l|zh|[[花]][[模]][[蛇]]}}
|-
| au || ao || au || {{IPAchar|/ɔ/}} || {{l|zh|[[寶]][[朝]][[高]]}}
|-
| eu ||  || eu || {{IPAchar|/ɜ/}} || {{l|zh|[[鬥]][[醜]][[狗]]}}
|-
| e || e || e, ai, ae || {{IPAchar|/e̞/}} || {{l|zh|[[雷]][[來]][[蘭]]}}
|-
| oe || oe || oe || {{IPAchar|/ø/}} || {{l|zh|[[乾]][[最]][[亂]]}}
|-
| i || i, yi || i, ie, y, ye || {{IPAchar|/i/}} || {{l|zh|[[基]][[錢]][[微]]}}
|-
| ia || ia, ya || ia, ya || {{IPAchar|/i̯a̠/}} || {{l|zh|[[野]][[寫]][[亞]]}}
|-
| iau || iao, yao || iau, yau || {{IPAchar|/i̯ɔ/}} || {{l|zh|[[條]][[蕉]][[搖]]}}
|-
| ieu ||  || ieu, yeu || {{IPAchar|/i̯ɜ/}} || {{l|zh|[[流]][[尤]][[休]]}}
|-
| u || u || u || {{IPAchar|/ʋʷ/}} || {{l|zh|[[波]][[歌]][[做]]}}
|-
| ua || ua || ua, wa || {{IPAchar|/u̯a̠/}} || {{l|zh|[[怪]][[淮]][[娃]]}}
|-
| ue || ue || ue, we || {{IPAchar|/u̯e̞/}} || {{l|zh|[[回]][[貫]][[彎]]}}
|-
| uoe ||  || uoe, woe || {{IPAchar|/u̯ø/}} || {{l|zh|[[官]][[歡]][[緩]]}}
|-
| y || yu || iu, yu || {{IPAchar|/y/}} || {{l|zh|[[居]][[女]][[羽]]}}
|-
| yoe ||  || ioe, yoe || {{IPAchar|/ɥø/}} || {{l|zh|[[軟]][[園]][[權]]}}
|-
| an || ang || an || {{IPAchar|/ã/}} || {{l|zh|[[冷]][[長]][[硬]]}}
|-
| aan || ang || aon || {{IPAchar|/ɑ̃/}} || {{l|zh|[[黨]][[放]][[忙]]}}
|-
| en || en || en || {{IPAchar|/ə̆ŋ/}} || {{l|zh|[[奮]][[登]][[論]]}}
|-
| on || ong || on || {{IPAchar|/ʊ̆ŋ/}} || {{l|zh|[[翁]][[蟲]][[風]]}}
|-
| aq || ak || ah || {{IPAchar|/ă̠ʔ/}} || {{l|zh|[[辣]][[麥]][[客]]}}
|-
| oq || ok || oh || {{IPAchar|/ŏʔ/}} || {{l|zh|[[北]][[郭]][[目]]}}
|-
| eq || ek || eh || {{IPAchar|/ə̆ʔ/}} || {{l|zh|[[舌]][[色]][[割]]}}
|-
| ian ||  || ian, yan || {{IPAchar|/i̯ã/}} || {{l|zh|[[良]][[象]][[陽]]}}
|-
| iaan ||  || iaon, yaon || {{IPAchar|/i̯ɑ̃/}} || {{l|zh|[[旺]]}}<sub>(白)</sub>
|-
| in || in || in, yin || {{IPAchar|/ɪ̆ɲ/}} || {{l|zh|[[緊]][[靈]][[人]]}}<sub>(白)</sub>
|-
| ion ||  || ion, yon || {{IPAchar|/i̯ʊ̆ŋ/}} || {{l|zh|[[窮]][[榮]][[濃]]}}
|-
| iaq ||  || iah, yah || {{IPAchar|/i̯ă̠ʔ/}} || {{l|zh|[[藥]][[腳]][[略]]}}
|-
| ioq ||  || ioh, yoh || {{IPAchar|/i̯ŏʔ/}} || {{l|zh|[[肉]][[浴]][[玉]]}}
|-
| iq || ik || ih, yih || {{IPAchar|/i̯ɪ̆ʔ/}} || {{l|zh|[[筆]][[亦]][[吃]]}}
|-
| uan ||  || uan, wan || {{IPAchar|/u̯ã/}} || {{l|zh|[[橫]][[光]]}}<sub>～火</sub>
|-
| uaan ||  || uaon, waon || {{IPAchar|/u̯ɑ̃/}} || {{l|zh|[[廣]][[狂]][[況]]}}
|-
| un ||  || uen, wun || {{IPAchar|/u̯ə̆ŋ/}} || {{l|zh|[[困]][[魂]][[溫]]}}
|-
| uaq ||  || uah, wah || {{IPAchar|/u̯ă̠ʔ/}} || {{l|zh|[[挖]][[劃]][[刮]]}}
|-
| ueq ||  || ueh, weh || {{IPAchar|/u̯ə̆ʔ/}} || {{l|zh|[[活]][[擴]][[骨]]}}
|-
| yn ||  || iuin, yuin || {{IPAchar|/ʏ̆ɲ/}} || {{l|zh|[[均]][[雲]][[訓]]}}
|-
| yq ||  || uih, yuih || {{IPAchar|/ɥɪ̆ʔ/}} || {{l|zh|[[血]][[缺]][[悅]]}}
|-
| er || er || r || {{IPAchar|/əɻ/}}<!--Qian uses /əl/--> || {{l|zh|[[而]][[爾]][[耳]]}}<sub>(文)</sub>
|-
| r || y || y || {{IPAchar|/z̩/}} || {{l|zh|[[知]][[次]][[住]]}}
|-
| mm ||  || m || {{IPAchar|/m̩/}} || {{l|zh|[[姆]]}}<sub>(白)</sub>{{l|zh|[[畝]]}}<sub>(白)</sub>{{l|zh|[[嘸]]}}<sub>～沒</sub>
|-
| ngg || n || ng || {{IPAchar|/ŋ̍/}} || {{l|zh|[[五]][[魚]]}}<sub>(白)</sub>{{l|zh|[[午]]}}<sub>端～</sub>
|}

===聲調===
Unlike other varieties such as Beijing Mandarin (right-prominent, limited but systematic), Guangzhou Cantonese (rare and non-systematic, but with certain patterns) or Taiwanese Hokkien (right-prominent, widespread and systematic), the tone sandhi rules in Shanghainese comprise two parts&mdash;a left-prominent word tone sandhi rule, and a right-prominent phrase tone sandhi rule. Words of fossilised nature follow the first rule, and analysable phrases (usually of verb + noun composition) follow the second rule.

For the former, the tone sandhi pattern is entirely dependent on (i.e. predictable from) the tonal category of the first syllable and independent of the tonal categories of the other syllables.

There are five tonal categories (or "tones") in new-style ({{lang|zh|中派與新派}}) Shanghainese, a reduction from six in old-style ({{lang|zh|老派}}) Shanghainese. The tonal category a character belongs to can essentially be inferred from its Middle Chinese pronunciation, or pronunciations from other Chinese varieties. Middle Chinese had four tones&mdash;level, rising, departing and checked. In the development to Shanghainese, each of the four Middle Chinese tones split in two, conditioned by the voicing (voiceless&mdash;dark, voiced&mdash;light) of the initial of the character. Three of the resultant eight tonal categories then merged with other categories, producing five tonal categories in total.

Several of these tonal categories are non-phonemic; that is, they are predictable from the voicing of the initial consonant and from whether the syllable is checked (ending in a glottal stop). Only tones 1 and 2 are contrastive: they both occur in syllables with voiceless initials and no final glottal stop.

Suzhou by contrast has seven tones, three of which are phonemic. For more, see [[w:Suzhou dialect#Tones|Suzhou dialect § Tones]] on Wikipedia.

:{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; text-align:center"
|-
! 調號 !! 調名 !! 清濁 !! 調值 !! 例字 !!對應中古漢語聲調
|-
!1!!{{zh-l|陰平}}
|清||{{IPAfont|˥˧}} 53||{{l|zh|[[刀]][[漿]][[司]][[東]]}}||陰平
|-
!2!!{{zh-l|陰去}}
|清||{{IPAfont|˧˦}} 34||{{l|zh|[[島]][[到]][[獎]][[醬]]}}||陰上、陰去
|-
!3!!{{zh-l|陽去}}
|濁||{{IPAfont|˨˧}} 23||{{l|zh|[[桃]][[導]][[道]][[牆]]}}||陽平、陽上、陽去
|-
!4!!{{zh-l|陰入}}
|清||{{IPAfont|˥ʔ}} <u>55</u>||{{l|zh|[[雀]][[削]][[說]][[足]]}}||陰入
|-
!5!!{{zh-l|陽入}}
|濁||{{IPAfont|˩˨ʔ}} <u>12</u>||{{l|zh|[[嚼]][[石]][[曲]][[食]]}}||陽入
|}
{{attention|wuu|tone 0 is undocumented}}

====Left-prominent tone sandhi (''word sandhi'')====
Each of these five categories then has a tone sandhi pattern, depending on the number of syllables in the word.

:{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%"
|+Left-prominent word tone sandhi patterns
|-
!Tonal category!!Monosyllabics!!Disyllabics!!Trisyllabics!!Tetrasyllabics!!Pentasyllabics
|-
!1. Dark level type
|53||55＋21||55＋33＋21||55＋33＋33＋21||55＋33＋33＋33＋21
|-
!2. Dark departing type
|34||33＋44||33＋55＋21||33＋55＋33＋21||33＋55＋33＋33＋21
|-
!3. Light departing type
|23||22＋44||22＋55＋21||22＋55＋33＋21||22＋55＋33＋33＋21
|-
!4. Dark checked type
|<u>55</u>||<u>33</u>＋44||<u>33</u>＋55＋21||<u>33</u>＋55＋33＋21||<u>33</u>＋55＋33＋33＋21
|-
!5. Light checked type
|<u>12</u>||<u>11</u>＋23||<u>11</u>＋22＋23||<u>11</u>＋22＋22＋23<br /><u>22</u>＋55＋33＋21||<u>22</u>＋55＋33＋33＋21
|}

For Wu romanisations in the template {{temp|zh-pron}}, the romanisation is made up of: tonal category of the first character (one-digit number) + romanisations of the initial and final of each character (separated by spaces).

====Right-prominent tone sandhi (''phrase sandhi'')====
When words combine form a phrase, the following right-prominent sandhi rules apply. In short, when the word A in appears non-finally in a phrase, its last syllable (A-x) changes to a flat (level) tone. The tone sandhi value that syllable A-x changes to is conditioned by three factors: (1) the tonal category of syllable A-x, (2) the number of syllables in word A, and if the number of syllables in A is 1 – (3) whether word A is tightly associated with the word preceding word A.

:{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Word undergoing sandhi (i.e. ''word A'')
!colspan=5|Tonal category of last syllable of word undergoing sandhi (i.e. ''syllable A-x'')
!rowspan=2|Example
|-
!Tone 1!!Tone 2!!Tone 3!!Tone 4!!Tone 5
|-
!Monosyllabic word unbound to any word preceding it
|rowspan=2 colspan=2|44||rowspan=2|33||rowspan=2|<u>44</u>||rowspan=2|<u>22</u>
|{{zh-l|儂好|tr=3non+2hau}}<br>{{zh-l|炒魷魚|tr=2tshau+3hhieu hhngg}}
|-
!Monosyllabic word tightly bound to a monosyllabic word preceding it
|{{zh-l|硬碰硬|tr=3ngan+'''-phan'''+3ngan}}
|-
!Multisyllabic word
|rowspan=2 colspan=3|33||rowspan=2 colspan=2|<u>33</u>
|{{zh-l|嘸著嘸落/呒着呒落|tr=3hhmm zaq+3hhmm loq}}
|-
!Monosyllabic word tightly bound to a multisyllabic word preceding it
|{{zh-l|前世作孽|tr=3xxi sr+'''4tsoq'''+5nyiq}}
|}

Tone "-" forces a mid-tone on a monosyllable.

====Conversion from MiniDict tone notation====
* {{lang|zh|平}} (level), {{lang|zh|上}} (rising), {{lang|zh|去}} (departing), and {{lang|zh|入}} (checked) should be used for reference, not the numbers.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ MiniDict to Wiktionary tone conversion
|-
!MiniDict||Voicing of initial||Tone category
|-
|rowspan=2|{{lang|zh|平}}||voiced||3
|-
|voiceless||1
|-
|rowspan=2|{{lang|zh|上}}||voiced||3
|-
|voiceless||2
|-
|rowspan=2|{{lang|zh|去}}||voiced||3
|-
|voiceless||2
|-
|rowspan=2|{{lang|zh|入}}||voiced||5
|-
|voiceless||4
|}

===Other notations===
The notation <code>+</code> is explained above in the [[#Right-prominent tone sandhi (phrase sandhi)]] section. Additionally, the symbol <code>&</code> can be used in sentences to annotate the division of words. This is primarily used in the transcriptions of Wu phrases and sentences in {{temp|zh-x}}; for example, as shown on the page {{zh-l|*日腳}}, the transcription for {{lang|zh|今朝是啥日腳？}} in Wu is <code>1jin tsau&3zr&2sa&5nyiq jiaq</code>.

===Examples===
* {{l|zh|中華}}: 1tson hho
* {{l|zh|天才}}: 1thi ze
* {{l|zh|火葬場}}: 2hu tsaan zan
* {{l|zh|電視}}: 3di zr
* {{l|zh|韓國}}: 3hhoe koq
* {{l|zh|法律}}: 4faq liq
* {{l|zh|日本}}: 5zeq pen

===Resources===
* For checking the pronunciation of words: ''Comprehensive Dictionary of Shanghainese'' ({{lang|zh|《上海话大词典》}}) - uses IPA notations throughout the book
* For checking the pronunciation of characters: [http://wu-chinese.com/minidict/ Wu Chinese MiniDict]
*: Note that this website uses a different romanisation system than the one implemented here. [http://wu-chinese.com/romanization/index.html Their romanisation scheme] aims to be a pan-Wu scheme, and occasionally describes the phonology of Shanghainese unintuitively.
*: Correspondences with WT romanisation:
*::Initials (MiniDict = WT): <code>c = j, ch = q, j = jj, sh = x, zh = xx, si = xi, zi = xxi, gh = hh</code>
*::: Null-initials followed by glides 'y-', 'w-' are pronounced with the 'hh' initial. i.e. {{lang|zh|譯}} yih = hhiq and {{lang|zh|皇}} waon = hhuaan
*::Finals (MiniDict = WT): <code>ou = u, iu = y, yu = r, ie = i, aon = aan, iuin = yn, -h = -q, aeh = eq, iuih = yq, r = er, -iu- = -y-, ng = ngg, m = mm</code>
*::Tones: {{lang|zh|平}} (level), {{lang|zh|上}} (rising), {{lang|zh|去}} (departing), {{lang|zh|入}} (checked). To know whether it is dark or light, check the voicing of the initial. Voiced initials = light, voiceless = dark.

[[category:發音]]
[[category:漢語|*]]